In the previous article, we have described the possibility of modifying a nitro-generator engine, which is often found in vehicle fueling stations or workshops for filling tires, as well as being an oxy-generator engine, namely by collecting oxygen gas released by carbon molecular sieve (CMS) during operation. regeneration.Using the same principle, we can build a simple oxy-generator engine for emergency purposes.One of the technologies for producing oxygen is by adsorption using a selective adsorbent designed as a molecular sieve.With the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technique, the adsorption process to absorb the gas, and the desorption process to release the adsorbed gas when regenerating the saturated adsorbent, can be carried out alternately.To obtain high purity oxygen gas, an adsorbent which has a strong interaction with nitrogen gas is selected, is one of the zeolites.Adsorption is the phenomenon of mass transfer of a particle (adsorbate) from the fluid phase (liquid or gas) to the solid surface (adsorbent).Adsorption speed and adsorption capacity are influenced by several factors, including: temperature, pressure, type and dimensions of adsorbent, interactions between particles, and others.The higher the pressure and the lower the temperature, the gas adsorption to the adsorbent surface will run better.This condition is in contrast to the desorption process to regenerate the saturated adsorbent.The interaction between the adsorbate and the adsorbent is also influenced by the type of adsorbent, where the closer the polarity of the two, the stronger the interaction.Broadly speaking, the types of adsorbents are grouped into three, namely polar adsorbents, non-polar adsorbents, and polymer adsorbents.Polar adsorbents (eg silica, zeolite) will adsorb polar compounds such as water vapor, CO2 gas, CO gas, N2 gas, and so on.In contrast, non-polar adsorbents (eg activated carbon, graphite) interact strongly with non-polar compounds such as aromatics, olefins, and others.The polymeric adsorbent can be polar or non-polar depending on the functional groups that make up the polymer matrix.In addition to selecting the right type of adsorbent, the dimensions of the adsorbent directly affect the main characteristics of the adsorbent as an adsorbent, namely the specific surface (surface area per mass).The specific surface is proportional to the adsorption capacity because it is on the surface of the adsorbent that the adsorbate will be adsorbed.This specific surface is influenced by the diameter of the adsorbent particles, as well as the size and distribution of the pores in the adsorbent.The adsorbent activation process (later the term activated carbon emerged) basically aims to increase the specific surface by adding new pores.Broadly speaking, the smaller the particle size and the more pores, the higher the specific surface.Considering several factors affecting the adsorption speed and capacity, we can make a simple portable oxy-generator (POG) machine.The cheapest low operating temperature conditioning is equal to ambient temperature.So that the operating pressure is above atmospheric, in addition to the valve setting, the number of engine tube discharge pipes is made less than the number of entrance pipes.Zeolite materials are easily available in the market.To enlarge the specific surface of zeolite without activation process, the particle size of zeolite is reduced.What needs to be considered is that the zeolite adsorbent will be installed in the machine tube in stacks, so it is necessary to avoid too small particle sizes such as powder.Particle size that is too small will actually hinder the flow of gas because the voids between the piles of particles are practically non-existent.To maximize the mass contact between the air and the zeolite, the distribution of airflow is attempted to be even by designing a small D/L ratio and feeding free air from above.The zeolite adsorbent is installed as a fixed bed, not fed continuously like free air feed.At one time the zeolite adsorbent was saturated (saturated by nitrogen adsorbate), there was no more nitrogen adsorption.In this condition, the operation of the POG machine must be stopped.To keep oxygen-rich air supplied, operation is continued with another machine, so a minimum of two POG engine cylinders are required.Zeolite that has been saturated can be used again through the regeneration process.Regeneration with PSA technology is applicable when the operating pressure is above atmospheric significantly (6.8-9.9 atm or more), i.e. with a pressure drop.Regeneration can also be done thermally by passing hot air.(*)*) MK Lecturer in Process Tool Design, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UMSIn the previous article, we have described the possibility of modifying a nitro-generator engine, which is often found in vehicle fueling stations or workshops for filling tires, as well as being an oxy-generator engine, namely by collecting oxygen gas released by carbon molecular sieve (CMS) during operation. regeneration.Using the same principle, we can build a simple oxy-generator engine for emergency purposes.One of the technologies for producing oxygen is by adsorption using a selective adsorbent designed as a molecular sieve.With the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technique, the adsorption process to absorb the gas, and the desorption process to release the adsorbed gas when regenerating the saturated adsorbent, can be carried out alternately.To obtain high purity oxygen gas, an adsorbent which has a strong interaction with nitrogen gas is selected, is one of the zeolites.Adsorption is the phenomenon of mass transfer of a particle (adsorbate) from the fluid phase (liquid or gas) to the solid surface (adsorbent).Adsorption speed and adsorption capacity are influenced by several factors, including: temperature, pressure, type and dimensions of adsorbent, interactions between particles, and others.The higher the pressure and the lower the temperature, the gas adsorption to the adsorbent surface will run better.This condition is in contrast to the desorption process to regenerate the saturated adsorbent.The interaction between the adsorbate and the adsorbent is also influenced by the type of adsorbent, where the closer the polarity of the two, the stronger the interaction.Broadly speaking, the types of adsorbents are grouped into three, namely polar adsorbents, non-polar adsorbents, and polymer adsorbents.Polar adsorbents (eg silica, zeolite) will adsorb polar compounds such as water vapor, CO2 gas, CO gas, N2 gas, and so on.In contrast, non-polar adsorbents (eg activated carbon, graphite) interact strongly with non-polar compounds such as aromatics, olefins, and others.The polymeric adsorbent can be polar or non-polar depending on the functional groups that make up the polymer matrix.In addition to selecting the right type of adsorbent, the dimensions of the adsorbent directly affect the main characteristics of the adsorbent as an adsorbent, namely the specific surface (surface area per mass).The specific surface is proportional to the adsorption capacity because it is on the surface of the adsorbent that the adsorbate will be adsorbed.This specific surface is influenced by the diameter of the adsorbent particles, as well as the size and distribution of the pores in the adsorbent.The adsorbent activation process (later the term activated carbon emerged) basically aims to increase the specific surface by adding new pores.Broadly speaking, the smaller the particle size and the more pores, the higher the specific surface.Considering several factors affecting the adsorption speed and capacity, we can make a simple portable oxy-generator (POG) machine.The cheapest low operating temperature conditioning is equal to ambient temperature.So that the operating pressure is above atmospheric, in addition to the valve setting, the number of engine tube discharge pipes is made less than the number of entrance pipes.Zeolite materials are easily available in the market.To enlarge the specific surface of zeolite without activation process, the particle size of zeolite is reduced.What needs to be considered is that the zeolite adsorbent will be installed in the machine tube in stacks, so it is necessary to avoid too small particle sizes such as powder.Particle size that is too small will actually hinder the flow of gas because the voids between the piles of particles are practically non-existent.In order to maximize the mass contact between the air and the zeolite, the distribution of airflow is attempted to be even by designing a small D/L ratio and feeding free air from above.The zeolite adsorbent is installed as a fixed bed, not fed continuously like free air feed.At one time the zeolite adsorbent is saturated (saturated by nitrogen adsorbate), there is no more nitrogen adsorption.In this condition, the operation of the POG machine must be stopped.To keep oxygen-rich air supplied, operation is continued with another machine, so a minimum of two POG engine cylinders are required.Zeolite that has been saturated can be used again through the regeneration process.Regeneration with PSA technology applies when the operating pressure is above atmospheric significantly (6.8-9.9 atm or more), i.e. with a pressure drop.Regeneration can also be done thermally by passing hot air.(*)*) MK Lecturer in Process Tool Design, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UMSPublisher : PT Surakarta Intermedia Pers Address : Jalan Kebangkitan Nasional Number 37 Surakarta